Past participle theory:
The past participle of a verb is one of two past forms. As an English student, you’ve probably studied some irregular verbs, seen in a list consisting of three words: the infinitive, the simple past, and the past participle.
A past participle is a word that
1) formed from a verb,
2) is used as an adjective or to form verb tense, and
3) probably ends with "-ed," "-d," "-t," "-en," or "-n."
Example and discussion for past participle:
1. he got a broken ribs after car accident
Past participle dalam kalimat ini digunakan sebagai kata sifat yaitu broken dengan objek ribs sehingga menjadi broken ribs (tulang rusuk yang patah) yang mana broken berasal dari kata break
2. she still asked me about the debt I had paid
Past participle dalam kalimat ini diguakan sebagai kata kerja yaitu paid yang ditambahkan auxiliary verb yaitu had sehingga menjadi multiple verbs had paid (telah membayar)
3. I have searched for the book of php everywhere
Past participle dalam kalimat ini pun merupakan kata kerja yang ditambahkan auxiliary verb yaitu have searched (telah mencari)
4. The math problem solved is difficult.
Past participle dalam kalimat ini termasuk dalam reduced adjective clause yaitu penghilangan auxiliary verb "which has been" sebelum past participle "solved" yang menerangkan pemecahan masalah dari soal matematika
5. That room had been cleaned.
past participle dalam kalimat ini termasuk dalam passive voice yang mana "room" menerima aksi had been cleaned
(Ruangan itu telah dibersihkan)
Source:
source 1
source 2
